Shore Surface Temperatures
THE SHORE STATIONS PROGRAM
The Shore Stations program for the west coast, which entails measuring and recording the daily shore surface temperature at a specific location, was initiated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1916. The program was expanded in 1919 when Hopkins Marine Station became the second sampling location to gather and contribute data. The temperature data given in Celsius are based on thermometer readings made in a sample of water drawn by bucket from a foot or two below the surface.
The program expanded further 1948, when Dr. Carl L. and Mrs. Laura C. Hubbs of Scripps Institution of Oceanography pioneered the once-a-month Baja California shore surface temperature observations. To determine the temperature profile of the water along the shore, and its relation to upwelling, the Mr. and Mrs. Hubbs carried out monthly temperature runs, from San Diego down the Baja California peninsula to Punta Baja, just southwest of El Rosario, collecting shore surface temperatures at 61 stations along the coast. These temperatures were taken by obtaining a sample of water in a container, then measuring the temperature of the sample in a specially constructed "bucket" in which the thermometer is mounted.
Temperatures were taken by obtaining a sample of water in a container, then measuring the temperature of the sample in a specially constructed "bucket" in which the thermometer is mounted.
In 1951, at Carl and Laura Hubbs instigation, the Hopkins Marine Station began a similar program between Monterey and Point Buchon. That same year, the Hubbs encouraged USFWS laboratory at Stanford to collect shore surface temperatures from 21 stations starting from San Francisco Bay to Moss Landing. Hopkins Marine Station expanded their collecting of surface temperature data from Santa Cruz to Point Buchon, which included a total of 41 stations.
August 5, 1951, marks the first collection of shore data from Monterey Pier II to Point Buchon continuing on a monthly basis. August 14, 1951, marks the first collection of shore data from San Francisco Bay to Moss Landing continuing on a weekly basis. September 3, 1951, marks the first collection of shore data from Monterey Pier II to Point Sur (South) continuing on a weekly basis.
August 7, 1952, marks the first collection of shore data from West Cliff Beach (Terrace Point East) to Asilomar Beach continuing on a weekly basis. September 5, 1952, marks the first collection of shore data from Santa Cruz to Point Sur (South) continuing on a weekly basis. This weekly collection of shore surface data thus included the Monterey Pier II to Point Sur (South) weekly collection. Santa Cruz to Monterey shore data collection ended February 26, 1954. San Francisco to Moss Landing shore data collection ended December 23, 1953. The collection of shore surface temperatures from Monterey to Point Buchon ended in June 1965.
STATIONS: August 5, 1951
1 - Hopkins Marine Station
2 - Stillwater Cove
3 - Yankee Pt N.
4 - Yankee Pt S.
5 - Soberanes Pt.
6 - Garapata Creek
7 - Rocky Creek
8 - Pt. Sur N.
9 - Pt. Sur S.
10 - Pfeiffer Pt.
11 - Hot Springs Creek
12 - Gamboa Pt. N.
13 - Gorda Cove
14 - Willow Creek
15 - East of Piedras Blancas
16 - San Simeon
17 - Santa Rosa Creek
18 - Cayucos
19 - Morro Rock
SANTA CRUZ - TO - POINT BUCHON
In 1951, at the encouragement of Carl and Laura Hubbs, the Hopkins Marine Station began a similar program collecting shore surface temperatures at various stations between Monterey and Point Buchon. August 5, 1951, marks the first collection of shore data from Monterey Pier II to Point Buchon on a monthly basis. September 3, 1951, marks the first collection of shore surface temperatures at various stations from Monterey Pier II to Point Sur (South) continuing on a weekly basis.
August 7, 1952, marks the first collection of shore data from West Cliff Beach (Terrace Point East) to Asilomar Beach at 16 stations, which then continued on a weekly basis.
September 5, 1952, marks the first collection of shore data from Santa Cruz to Point Sur (South) at 24 stations, which then continued on a weekly basis. This weekly collection of shore surface data included the Monterey Pier II to Point Sur (South) run that had previously been conducted for weekly measurements of temperature. In addition, a monthly run was conducted down the coast from Monterey to Point Buchon.
Hopkins Marine Station expansion of the collecting shore temperature data from Santa Cruz to Point Buchon resulted in 41 stations total. Santa Cruz to Monterey shore data collection continued until February 26, 1954. The resulting data consists of eighteen months (approximately seventy two weeks) of shore station data from Santa Cruz to Monterey. After considerable investigation, it appears this data set was never published.
The collection of shore surface temperatures from Monterey to Point Buchon ended in June 1965. HMS observations were conducted first by Rolf Bolin, followed by W. O. Addicott, R. H. Aughtry, E. Barham, R. A. Gaines, Louise McCann, L. Greenfield, N. Tallmadge, Wm. Chan, W.C. Austin, D. Egloff, R. Albee.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY – TO - MOSS LANDING
In 1951, the Carl Hubbs approached the USFWS laboratory at Stanford about collecting shore surface temperatures from various stations along the coast from San Francisco Bay to Moss Landing. John C. Marr and Howard H. Eckles obliged his request and began to conduct the long drives once a month to collect shore surface temperatures from 21 stations. August 14, 1951 marks the first collection of shore data from San Francisco Bay to Moss Landing continuing on a weekly basis. San Francisco to Moss Landing shore data collection ended December 23, 1953.
The resulting data consist of twenty-eight months of shore surface temperatures from various stations along the coast from San Francisco Bay to Moss Landing.
DAILY COLLECTION OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN SANTA CRUZ
Daily collection of surface temperature in Santa Cruz began February of 1952, taken by Gilda J. Stagnero through January 1954 from the C. Stagnaro Fishing Corporation office, west side of Municipal Wharf, about 1/5 mile from shore. Then taken by Ken Legg and staff at Natural Bridges State Park Ranger beginning February 1954 through July 1963. Missed August 1963. Beginning September 1963, Twin Lakes Beach State Park took over the daily collection of surface temperature in Santa Cruz through November 1968.
Monthly averages from the daily collection of surface temperature in Santa Cruz from February 1952- June 1967. These monthly averages were published SIO reports beginning in 1955.
Daily collection of surface temperature in Moss Landing began February 1952 – January 1953.
Daily collection of shore temperature in Sea Cliff State Beach Shore began January 1964 – April 1967,
Subsidiary parts of the monitoring program include the taking of daily shore temperatures at Pacific Grove and Santa Cruz (the latter provided through the courtesy of personnel at Natural Bridges State Park), and monthly runs down the coast as far as Morro Bay, taking shore temperatures at 26 different locations.
Note—where is the Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (1952-1955) published? Is it published?
During the CALCOFI Marine Research Committee Meeting in Monterey, California on February 1, 1954 Dr. Bolin submitted a budget request of the HOPKINS MARINE STATION for $5308. This amount he said, would enable HOPKINS MARINE STATION to do more marine biology. He intended to make a weekly night station of two hours from the Monterey Pier to collect samples of fish, plankton and seawater for salinity analysis. He hoped to correlate the presence of fish with food organisms, larvae and oceanography.
LR Blinks was member of the Technical Advisory Committee of the California State Marine Research Committee due to the fact that HOPKINS MARINE STATION was working on the Sardine Research Program (10/24/1951). Rolf Bolin served as the alternate. Bolin attended the meeting.
Stanford University’s HOPKINS MARINE STATION at Pacific Grove joined the program in the 1951-1952 fiscal year. It has received 2.7 per cent of the total, using the money to conduct oceanographic studies in and near the Monterey Bay, which will be of great value, particularly at such times as sardines return to that area.
During the CALCOFI Marine Research Committee Meeting at the California State Fisheries Laboratory, California on February 7, 1954 HOPKINS MARINE STATION proposed a budget request of $5000
During the CALCOFI Marine Research Committee Meeting at the California State Fisheries Laboratory, California on September 25, 1957 HOPKINS MARINE STATION proposed the following: To collect, compile and analyze data relative to the oceanographic factors affecting the life history of the sardine and other pelagic fishes, in the inshore waters from Santa Cruz to Morro Bay, including compiling and analyzing backlog of accumulated material.
During the CALCOFI Marine Research Committee Meeting at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California on July 24, 1958 HOPKINS MARINE STATION proposed the following: To collect, compile and analyze data relative to the oceanographic factors affecting the life history of the sardine and other pelagic fishes, in the inshore waters from Santa Cruz to Morro Bay, including compiling and analyzing backlog of accumulated material. Proposed budget for 1958-1959 equaled $6, 555
Climatology, oceanography and plankton of Monterey Bay (Hopkins Marine Station)
During the CALCOFI Marine Research Committee Meeting at the Fisherman’s Cooperative Association in San Pedro California on August 10, 1961 HOPKINS MARINE STATION proposed the following: To collect, compile and analyze data relative to the oceanographic factors affecting the life history of the sardine and other pelagic fishes, in the inshore waters from Santa Cruz to Morro Bay. Proposed budget for 1962-1963 equaled $9818.40
The following is a list of published Data Reports: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast and Baja California 1955 SIO Reference 57-28: 5 July 1957
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast and Baja California 1956-1959 SIO Reference 60-27: 15 September 1960 (This report includes “Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (1956-1959)”
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast 1960. SIO Reference 61-14. 28 April 1961 (This report includes “Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (January – December 1960)
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast 1961. SIO Reference 62-11. 2 April 1962 (This report includes “Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (January – December 1961)
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast 1962. SIO Reference 63-17. 17 June 1963 (This report includes “Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (January – December 1962)
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast 1963. SIO Reference 64-6. 26 May 1964 (This report includes “Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (January – December 1962)
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast 1964. SIO Reference 65-9. 25 May 1965 (This report includes “Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (January – December 1964)
Data Report: Surface Water Temperatures at Shore Stations. United States West Coast 1965 SIO Reference 66-8. 18 April 1966 (This report includes “Shoreline surface water-temperature data between Monterey, California, and Point Buchon, California (January – June 1965)” Collection of the data was terminated!